Nonverbal communication in organizations Research Paper

Nonverbal communication in organizations - Research Paper Example However, it can be apparently observed that business organizations often face certain problems (such as misinterpretation of non-verbal signals), leading towards ineffective business performance and corporate culture. In this regard, certain recommendations have been provided with the objective of enhancing communication process. Contextually, it can be affirmed that business organizations, with effective communication process may aid in enhanced performance of business operations in the present competitive business scenario. Nonverbal Communication in Organizations In the present business scenario, market competition has augmented to a substantial extent with the development in the field of technologies and increased level of globalization. A similar argument has remained in focus of various studies conducted in the recent era, for example in Mujezinovic (2011), Rho (2009), Ambady & Rosethal (1998) and Vasu, Stewart & Garson (1998) to name a few. Although the arguments in these stud ies have been varying and often contradictory, the inferences drawn have been commonly in agreement with the statement that modern business organizations are required to be much competent in performing internal along with external business activities with the intention of executing business operations in a competitive along with a profitable manner. In this regard, communication is determined to be playing an imperative role in assisting business organizations to conduct their respective business activities efficiently. While this particular notion is agreed upon by many, the way through which, communication processes within organizational contexts can be managed remains to be a major point of dispute among researchers. Recent researches in this regard, have viewed that business organizations often communicate externally along with internally1;2;3. As argued by Rho (2009), externally, business organizations communicate messages for conducting various activities such as marketing. On the other hand, internal communication denotes the process on the basis of which effective communication is made between employees and employers. In this context, effective communication will facilitate organizations in better management, coordination and execution of effective business operations towards the accomplishment of desired business targets4. Arguably, non-verbal communication is regarded as a procedure of communicating information and messages through expressions, mimics and gestures. As noted by Spaho (2013), this type of communication involves conveying of messages in any form other that language or words. The impact of non-verbal communication is based on various factors that include inner coherence, dissimulation capacity, ability and strength to manipulate information among others. Non-verbal communication often plays a decisive role in conveying important messages within a business organization in accordance with which business operations can be executed in an eff icient manner5. Discussion Explanation of Non-verbal Communication in Organizations In the most simple way, non-verbal comm

Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects Case Study

Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects - Case Study Example James Fawn the vice president of the Intermediate Chemicals Group (ICG) and John Camperdown, the financial analyst met to review the two projects. The proposals submitted by plant managers from both Liverpool and Rotterdam required an expansion of the polypropylene output of the respective plants by 7%. The strategic analysts in Victoria Chemicals held the view that an increase in polypropylene by 14% would not make sense though a 7% would do. This would compel them to approve one of the projects. The rational analytical process to use in extricating the ambiguities of the present measures of investment attractiveness of the two projects will be done through a thorough analysis and evaluation in terms of their net present value, payback, growth in earnings per share and internal rate of return to determine which of them is attractive for investment. After the evaluation, the best project based on its attractiveness will be chosen. 1. The proposal from Merseyside, Liverpool This proje ct would retain its flexibility in order to add technology in the future. The investment criterion for this project is as follows: Average annual addition to EPS GBP 0.22 Payback period 3.8 years Net Present Value GBP 10.5 million Internal rate of return 24% The contribution to net income for the project is a positive one. This is based on the calculation carried out by the average annual earnings per share contribution of the project over the economic life of the project using the number of outstanding shares at the recent financial year. The payback period which is the number of years which are necessary for free cash flow of the project to amortize the initial project outlay completely for the project is within the maximum payback period which is six years. The Net Present Value of the company is positive an indication of a better performing project. The internal rate of return of the project which is 24% is more than 10% and this is an indication of how attractive the project is . A summary of the performance of the Merseyside project is as follows 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Output 267,500 267,500 267,500 267,500 267,500 New Gross Profit 21.72 24.83 24.83 24.83 24.93 Old output 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 Free cash flow 1.27 3.92 3.86 3.77 3.08 Incremental gross profit 2.32 5.42 5.42 5.42 5.42 Based on the above analysis, it is quite evident that Merseyside project is quite attractive in terms of its performance and this makes it a good project for investment. The Merseyside project will be of great help to Victoria Chemicals as it would lead to an increase in free cash flow, increase in gross profit and increase in output for the company. The increase in output would see the company operate in full efficiency and to remain competitive in the market. Even though the Merseyside project seems promising in terms of output and return, the plant operations will be disrupted in the course of upgrading the technology in the company which will then affect the total output of the company. The period at which the plant will not be operating will mean that the company will temporarily lose its business from the close of the customers. The temporal close of business and clients may be a cost to pay by the company as it may end up losing the customers due to the inconveniences caused. The table below shows the assumptions made towards the DCF Analysis of the Merseyside Project: Annual output in metric tons 250,000 Output gain 7% Gross margin rate 12.5% The gross margin rate and the output gain are standard and this means that the company (Victoria Chemicals) will not take a long time before it enjoys the full benefits of the investment. This

International-Strategy essay Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International-Strategy essay - Case Study Example The Ball Corporation has established itself in the global business world as a leader in green technology and ecological sustainability. Their push to use less materials worldwide has been commended by authorities on the environment and ecological commerce. Their sustainability report has been the main source of their stock increases over the years due to it's records showing that Ball Corp has significantly reduced its factory emissions worldwide by a hundred thousand each year between 2005 to 2007. In 2008, the Ball Corporation published its first sustainability report, which earned it recognition by the ACCA-Ceres North American Sustainability AwardsThe return the Ball Corporation showed for its shareholders in 2008 was decreased by 6.7 percent. Despite the decrease, Ball outperformed the Dow Jones Containers & Packaging Index, which was down 38.5 percent and the Dow Jones Industrial Average which was down 33.8 percent. The Dow Chemical Company has a multinational reach. They are based out of Midland Michigan and in 2007 it became recognized as the second largest chemical manufacturer in the world, and in February 2009 it became the third largest chemical company in the world after BASF and DuPont. From the 9/11 attacks in 2001 until present the Dow Chemical corporation has taken strides to advance its international acquisitions while at the same time advancing chemical and agricultural technology.

Principles of Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Marketing Communications - Essay Example The current marketing communication campaign of IKEA can be regarded as an effective strategy for building long-term loyalty and relationship among its customers. Though marketing communication is an age-old concept, its strategies and implementation techniques are evolving as customer demands and preferences are changing. It is no doubt that the marketer has shifted from product marketing to customer marketing and ultimately to relationship marketing (Kitchen and Li, 2005). In order to create long lasting relationship with customers, it is important to send messages which are creative and offer more than just products or service. As a result, organisations are increasingly trying to attract customer attention offering service which helps them to improve their overall quality of life. Creating advertisements and campaigns with a social propaganda has become one of the major trends among big and successful firms (Balmer and Gray, 2003). The same concept has been implemented by IKEA in its current brand campaign where the objective is to encourage children and adults to spend more time together. It can be at home doing activities such as, baking, cleaning or simple relaxing, apart from playing and making merry. As a result, the organisation upheld a three minute documentary of a particular family created by the mother. The idea was to send customers the message that IKEA understands how individuals stay at home and various challenges that they face especially when it comes to working at home.

Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects Case Study

Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects - Case Study Example James Fawn the vice president of the Intermediate Chemicals Group (ICG) and John Camperdown, the financial analyst met to review the two projects. The proposals submitted by plant managers from both Liverpool and Rotterdam required an expansion of the polypropylene output of the respective plants by 7%. The strategic analysts in Victoria Chemicals held the view that an increase in polypropylene by 14% would not make sense though a 7% would do. This would compel them to approve one of the projects. The rational analytical process to use in extricating the ambiguities of the present measures of investment attractiveness of the two projects will be done through a thorough analysis and evaluation in terms of their net present value, payback, growth in earnings per share and internal rate of return to determine which of them is attractive for investment. After the evaluation, the best project based on its attractiveness will be chosen. 1. The proposal from Merseyside, Liverpool This proje ct would retain its flexibility in order to add technology in the future. The investment criterion for this project is as follows: Average annual addition to EPS GBP 0.22 Payback period 3.8 years Net Present Value GBP 10.5 million Internal rate of return 24% The contribution to net income for the project is a positive one. This is based on the calculation carried out by the average annual earnings per share contribution of the project over the economic life of the project using the number of outstanding shares at the recent financial year. The payback period which is the number of years which are necessary for free cash flow of the project to amortize the initial project outlay completely for the project is within the maximum payback period which is six years. The Net Present Value of the company is positive an indication of a better performing project. The internal rate of return of the project which is 24% is more than 10% and this is an indication of how attractive the project is . A summary of the performance of the Merseyside project is as follows 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Output 267,500 267,500 267,500 267,500 267,500 New Gross Profit 21.72 24.83 24.83 24.83 24.93 Old output 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 Free cash flow 1.27 3.92 3.86 3.77 3.08 Incremental gross profit 2.32 5.42 5.42 5.42 5.42 Based on the above analysis, it is quite evident that Merseyside project is quite attractive in terms of its performance and this makes it a good project for investment. The Merseyside project will be of great help to Victoria Chemicals as it would lead to an increase in free cash flow, increase in gross profit and increase in output for the company. The increase in output would see the company operate in full efficiency and to remain competitive in the market. Even though the Merseyside project seems promising in terms of output and return, the plant operations will be disrupted in the course of upgrading the technology in the company which will then affect the total output of the company. The period at which the plant will not be operating will mean that the company will temporarily lose its business from the close of the customers. The temporal close of business and clients may be a cost to pay by the company as it may end up losing the customers due to the inconveniences caused. The table below shows the assumptions made towards the DCF Analysis of the Merseyside Project: Annual output in metric tons 250,000 Output gain 7% Gross margin rate 12.5% The gross margin rate and the output gain are standard and this means that the company (Victoria Chemicals) will not take a long time before it enjoys the full benefits of the investment. This

Principles of Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Marketing Communications - Essay Example The current marketing communication campaign of IKEA can be regarded as an effective strategy for building long-term loyalty and relationship among its customers. Though marketing communication is an age-old concept, its strategies and implementation techniques are evolving as customer demands and preferences are changing. It is no doubt that the marketer has shifted from product marketing to customer marketing and ultimately to relationship marketing (Kitchen and Li, 2005). In order to create long lasting relationship with customers, it is important to send messages which are creative and offer more than just products or service. As a result, organisations are increasingly trying to attract customer attention offering service which helps them to improve their overall quality of life. Creating advertisements and campaigns with a social propaganda has become one of the major trends among big and successful firms (Balmer and Gray, 2003). The same concept has been implemented by IKEA in its current brand campaign where the objective is to encourage children and adults to spend more time together. It can be at home doing activities such as, baking, cleaning or simple relaxing, apart from playing and making merry. As a result, the organisation upheld a three minute documentary of a particular family created by the mother. The idea was to send customers the message that IKEA understands how individuals stay at home and various challenges that they face especially when it comes to working at home.

The Sunne Rising by John Donne Essay Example for Free

The Sunne Rising by John Donne Essay The poet, John Donne wrote The Sunne Rising poem. The poem is metaphysical. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of the reality of things, including questions about being and substance, time and space, causation and change, and identity. Metaphysics presents the theoretical philosophy as the ultimate science of being and knowing. Metaphysics provides sense relating to philosophical speculation and intellectual abstraction. Metaphysics belongs to the nature of transcendentalism, philosophical depreciative thoughts of reasoning and ideas. Metaphysics is excessively subtle and incredibly abstract. Transcendentalism surpasses and excels others of its kind beyond ordinary limits. Transcendentalism is pre-eminent, superior and supreme, something extraordinary. Transcendentalism is elevated above ordinary language as a lofty idea or concept. It transcends comprehension. Transcendentalism is obscure and abstruse. As applied by the Schoolmen, transcendentalism predicates which by their universal application were considered to go beyond the Aristotelian categories or predicaments. The Ten Categories, accordingly lists ten attributes or predicamenta[1], predicaments, which can be used to speak of things which engages ones interest in order to become an object of scientific investigation. A substance denotes a subject or thing in terms of what exists in itself and not in another. A substance cannot be attributed to another subject or thing. It is an ens per se, a being by and of itself.[2] The other categories are denoted by quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, place, time, posture, and habit. Those categories are used to speak of a thing, identified as a substance. Those last nine categories either inhere or exist in a substance as a substance and are affirmed. For example, the quantity and quality of a given thing given the matter and form. [3]as accidents while the subject or thing to which they refer remains substantially the same. Some categories, refer to relations or connections which can exist between a substance and its external environment. For example, the action and passion of a substance: What a substance does as a subject and receives from the activity of another source. Transcendentalism goes beyond the Aristotelian categories or predicaments. Those nine may refer to external causes and circumstances that should be noted in talking about anything. For example, habit, time, and place.[4] These later properties come and go. In transcendental terms, the poet expresses his love for his mate. The love poem consists of three regular stanzas. Each stanza is ten lines long, and follows a line stress pattern of 4255445555. The meter is basically iambic with a few variations. The variations from the iambic meter highlight significant passages in the sonnet. As well, highlighting significant passages are varying stress patterns. The stress pattern in lines one, five, and six, it is in tetrameter. However, the pattern in line two is in dimeter, and the pattern in lines three, four, and seven through ten are in pentameter. The rhyme scheme in each stanza is ABBACDCDEE. In the first stanza, the poet chastises the sun by calling it a Busie old foole, unruly Sunne, eagerly habitual motion of primeval and shabby action which lacks good judgment, a simpleton, Not amenable to rule or discipline, ungovernable, disorderly and turbulent star (1). The interference of the sun at this moment, belittling the significance of the sun elevates their act of love above the central body of the solar system, around which the earth and other planets revolve. The other planets are kept in their orbits by the suns attraction and supplied with light and heat by its radiation. Obviously, the sun is not insignificant, but their moment in bed is more important. This is an example of transcendentalism, the exaggeration or elevation of emotions beyond the importance of the central body of the solar system, the sun. The poet presents a rhetorical question, Why dost thou thus (2). For what reason, cause, motivation or purpose do you, referring to the sun, act so foolishly and make a mess of things? Using dost thou in reference to the sun, shows reproach or contempt for the suns action in a manner now being indicated or exemplified to this extent and in this degree (2). How did the sun behave foolishly? Through windowes, and through curtaines call on us? (3) Through the windows and curtains, the sun awakens us to begin our day of duties. Through the windows and curtains, the sun beckons us to rise from our slumber. Through the windows and curtains, the sun forcibly detracts us from the bed we share together. Must to thy motions lovers seasons run? (4) Why must lovers time end based on the rising of the sun? (4) The word motions is used to reference not only the motion of the sun, rising of the sun, but as well, the motion of lovers, the act of sex, both the sun and sex rise and sets, as do seasons , based on time (4). The poet places the motion of lovers above the motion of the sun, a sign of transcendentalism in the form of a lofty analogy. The poet admonishes the sun, placing the importance of the poet before that of the sun. The poet calls the sun a Sawcy pedantique wretch (5). A sawcy pedantique wretch is a despicable and vile person, one of opprobrious or reprehensible character, a mean and contemptible creature, insolent or impertinent with wanton lasciviousness through pedagogic schoolmasterly to superiors (5). The poet tells the sun to goe chide (5)/ Late schoole boyes, and sowre prentices (6). The poet speaks directly to the sun. The poet tells the sun to move towards quarrelling and wrangling with truant school boys and unpleasant and disagreeable, gloomy and sourer apprentices (6). Both school boys and apprentices are bound by to serve an employer in the exercise of some trade or profession, for a certain number of years, with a view to learn its details and duties, in which the employer is reciprocally bound to instruct him (6). In this analogy, the poet is the employer, and the sun is the sowre prentice (6). The poet continues admonishing the sun by telling the sun to Goe tell Court-huntsmen, that the King will ride (7), Call countrey ants to harvest offices (8). The poet tells the sun to move towards Court-huntsmen the kings manager of a fox-hunt, a man whose business is to take charge of a pack of hounds and direct the pursuit of game. The sun needs to awaken the court-huntsmen because the King will ride (7). The king is going to ride in the fox-hunt. The poet tells the sun to Call countrey ants to harvest offices (8). The word offices means duties. The sun awakening country ants to harvest duties is important because those ants do not infest indoor structures as did the sun. Those ants do not invade houses and buildings as the sun did, but rather they establish their nests around the outdoor gardens and yards, destroying vegetation rather than copulation. The analogy has changed to infer that the sun should awaken things that destroy foxes and vegetation, rather than things that creat e life through the act of copulation. The poet closes the first stanza by informing the sun that Love, all alike, no season knows, nor clyme (9), Nor houres, dayes, moneths, which are the rags of time (10). When the partners love is in complete unity, time does not understand. The sun telling time by way of its own artifice is analogies to beggars raising sores on their bodies without pain. Hours, days and months are the parts of time, analogies to sores, raised by the sun without pain. The analogy is the sun is the beggar who raises time, represented by sores, without pain. In the second stanza, the poet asks, Thy beames, so reverend, and strong (11)/ Why shouldst thou thinke? (12) The speaker wonders why the sun should think its beams to be so worthy of respect and reverence, commanding respect by ability, and powerful with the ability to exert great force? The poet to the sun says, I could eclipse and cloud them with a winke (13), But that I would not lose her sight so long (14). The speaker may obscure those beams by closing his eyes, yet he would not like to lose sight of his beloved for so long. The poet places the power of himself eclipsing the sun rays above the power of the suns beams. The poet has become a sort of godlike power, and that is another sign of transcendentalism. The poet to the sun inquires, If her eyes have not blinded thine (15), Looke, and to morrow late, tell mee (16), Whether both the Indias spice and Myne (17)/ Be where thou leftst them, or lie here with mee (18). If the suns eyes have not been blinded by her beautiful eyes, look late tomorrow whether the treasures of East Indies spices and West Indies gold mines be where you left them, or do the treasures of the Indies lie here in bed with me? The poet considers the abstraction of beauty between the treasures of the Indiies and the beauty of his beloved, as a symbol of transcendentalism. The poet closes the second stanza with a sublime statement; Aske for those Kings whom thou sawst yesterday (19), And thou shalt heare, All here in one bed lay (20). The poet to the sun-ask all those Kings that the sun beamed its rays upon yesterday, and you shall hear-they will choose to lie in bed with his beloved. The poet tells the sun that if the kings had a choice between the spices and gold, or lying in bed with his beloved, they would all choose to lie in bed with his beloved. The poet exalts the value of his beloved above that of the Indies spices and gold, an abstraction. Yet, the abstraction is a transcendental metaphor. In the third stanza, the poet to the sun describes, Sheis all States, and all Princes, I (21), Nothing else is (22). The speaker describes her soul as all countries in the world, and he represents a King for nothing else exists or is real. The poet supports his claim, Princes doe but play us; compard to this (23), All honors mimique; All wealth alchimie (24). The speakers informs the sun that princes only dabble with frivolity; compared to what he has in bed with his beloved. The poet explain what he has in bed with his beloved is imitated with honor, and a miraculous power of extractions with wealth. According to the poet, neither honor or wealth is as real as what he has in bed with his beloved. The poet to the sun claims Thou sunne art halfe as happyas wee (25), In that the worlds contracted thus (26). The speaker claims the sun is half as happy as him and beloved because the sun need only to beam onto this bed that represents the world. The poet supports that claim by pandering to the suns age. The speaker says, Thine age askes ease, and since thy duties bee (27)/ To warme the world, thats done in warming us (28). Since the sun is growing older, it desires ease. In order to perform its duties to warm the world in ease, it needs only to warm himself and beloved in bed for they represent the world. The poet argues to shine on their bed is to shine on the world. The poet to the sun closes the third stanza with Shine here to us, and thou art every where (29); This bed thy center is, these walls, thy spheare (30). The poet has successfully moved from the external to the internal world of the soul, represented by the world. The speaker explains to shine on us, the sun shines throughout the world. The world is an abstraction for the internal world of the soul. The perimeter of the soul is the suns center, and its walls, its sphere or dimension. The variations in stress patterns in each line represent the poets claim, support for that claim, and conclusion. Each stanza has two claims, represented by the stress patterns in lines one and two being the first claim, and five and six representing the second claim. The stress patterns for lines one, two, five and six are 4,2,4, and 4, respectively. In each stanza, line two represents the question or issue at hand with an extremely short stress pattern of only two. The claims are supported in lines three, four, seven, and eight with stress patterns of 5,5, 5, and 5. The argument is then concluded in each stanza in lines nine and ten with a stress pattern of 5 and 5. The poet connects the external to the internal world with a great deal of tension. Tension is that which can be understood by the mind, but not yet accepted by the emotions. Tension may also be interpreted as the stress between that which is grounded, West Indies spices and gold mines, by that which is elusive, to shine on this bed is to shine throughout the world.